5. `gui.draw` — Create 3D graphical representations.¶

The draw module provides the basic user interface to the OpenGL rendering capabilities of pyFormex. The full contents of this module is available to scripts running in the pyFormex GUI without the need to import it.

5.1. Functions defined in module gui.draw¶

gui.draw.exitGui(res=0)[source]¶: Terminate the GUI with a given status.

gui.draw.closeGui()[source]¶

Close the GUI.

Calling this function from a script closes the GUI and terminates pyFormex.

gui.draw.closeDialog(name)[source]¶

Close the named dialog.

Closes the InputDialog with the given name. If multiple dialogs are open with the same name, all these dialogs are closed.

This only works for dialogs owned by the pyFormex GUI.

gui.draw.showMessage(text, actions=['OK'], level='info', modal=True, align='00', **kargs)[source]¶

Show a short message widget and wait for user acknowledgement.

There are three levels of messages: ‘info’, ‘warning’ and ‘error’. They differ only in the icon that is shown next to the test. By default, the message widget has a single button with the text ‘OK’. The dialog is closed if the user clicks a button. The return value is the button text.

gui.draw.showInfo(text, actions=['OK'], modal=True)[source]¶: Show an informational message and wait for user acknowledgement.

gui.draw.warning(text, actions=['OK'])[source]¶: Show a warning message and wait for user acknowledgement.

gui.draw.error(text, actions=['OK'])[source]¶: Show an error message and wait for user acknowledgement.

gui.draw.ask(question, choices=None, **kargs)[source]¶

Ask a question and present possible answers.

Return answer if accepted or default if rejected. The remaining arguments are passed to the InputDialog getResult method.

gui.draw.ack(question, **kargs)[source]¶: Show a Yes/No question and return True/False depending on answer.

gui.draw.showText(text, itemtype='text', actions=[('OK', None)], modal=True, mono=False)[source]¶

Display a text in a dialog window.

Creates a dialog window displaying some text. The dialog can be modal (blocking user input to the main window) or modeless. Scrollbars are added if the text is too large to display at once. By default, the dialog has a single button to close the dialog.

Parameters:

text: a multiline text to be displayed. It can be plain text or html or reStructuredText (starts with ‘..’).
itemtype: an InputItem type that can be used for text display. This should be either ‘text’ of ‘info’.
actions: a list of action button definitions.
modal: bool: if True, a modal dialog is constructed. Else, the dialog is modeless.
mono: if True, a monospace font will be used. This is only useful for plain text, e.g. to show the output of an external command.

Returns:

Modeless dialog:
Modal dialog:	the result of the dialog after closing. The result is a dictionary with a single key: ‘text’ having the displayed text as a value. If an itemtype ‘text’ was used, this may be a changed text.
	the open dialog window itself.

gui.draw.showFile(filename, mono=True, **kargs)[source]¶

Display a text file.

This will use the showText() function to display a text read from a file. By default this uses a monospaced font. Other arguments may also be passed to ShowText.

gui.draw.showDoc(obj=None, rst=True, modal=False)[source]¶

Show the docstring of an object.

Parameters:

obj: any object (module, class, method, function) that has a __doc__ attribute. If None is specified, the docstring of the current application is shown.
rst: bool. If True (default) the docstring is treated as being reStructuredText and will be nicely formatted accordingly. If False, the docstring is shown as plain text.

gui.draw.editFile(fn, exist=False)[source]¶

Load a file into the editor.

Parameters:

fn: filename. The corresponding file is loaded into the editor.
exist: bool. If True, only existing filenames will be accepted.

Loading a file in the editor is done by executing an external command with the filename as argument. The command to be used can be set in the configuration. If none is set, pyFormex will try to lok at the EDITOR and VISUAL environment settings.

The main author of pyFormex uses ‘emacsclient’ as editor command, to load the files in a running copy of Emacs.

gui.draw.askItems(items, timeout=None, **kargs)[source]¶

Ask the value of some items to the user.

Create an interactive widget to let the user set the value of some items. The items are specified as a list of dictionaries. Each dictionary contains the input arguments for a widgets.InputItem. It is often convenient to use one of the _I, _G, ot _T functions to create these dictionaries. These will respectively create the input for a simpleInputItem, a groupInputItem or a tabInputItem.

For convenience, simple items can also be specified as a tuple. A tuple (key,value) will be transformed to a dict {‘key’:key, ‘value’:value}.

See the widgets.InputDialog class for complete description of the available input items.

A timeout (in seconds) can be specified to have the input dialog interrupted automatically and return the default values.

The remaining arguments are keyword arguments that are passed to the widgets.InputDialog.getResult method.

Returns a dictionary with the results: for each input item there is a (key,value) pair. Returns an empty dictionary if the dialog was canceled. Sets the dialog timeout and accepted status in global variables.

gui.draw.currentDialog()[source]¶

Returns the current dialog widget.

This returns the dialog widget created by the askItems() function, while the dialog is still active. If no askItems() has been called or if the user already closed the dialog, None is returned.

gui.draw.dialogAccepted()[source]¶: Returns True if the last askItems() dialog was accepted.

gui.draw.dialogRejected()[source]¶: Returns True if the last askItems() dialog was rejected.

gui.draw.dialogTimedOut()[source]¶: Returns True if the last askItems() dialog timed out.

gui.draw.askFile(cur=None, filter='all', exist=True, multi=False, compr=False, change=True, timeout=None, caption=None, sidebar=None, **kargs)[source]¶

Ask for one or more files using a customized file dialog.

This is like askFileName() but returns a Dict with the full dialog results instead of the filename(s) themselves. This is especially intended for file types that add custom fields to the FileDialog.

Returns:	Dict \| None – A Dict with the results of the file dialog. If the user accepted the selection, the Dict has at least a key ‘fn’ holding the selected filename(s): a single file name is if multi is False, or a list of file names if multi is True. If the user canceled the selection process, the Dict is empty.

gui.draw.askFilename(*args, **kargs)[source]¶

Ask for a file name or multiple file names using a file dialog.

Parameters:

cur (path_like) – Path of the starting point of the selection dialog. It can be a directory or a file. All the files in the provided directory (or the file’s parent) that match the filter will be initially presented to the user. If cur is a file, it will be set as the initial selection.
filter (str or list of str) – Specifies a (set of) filter(s) to be applied on the files in the selected directory. This allows to narrow down the selection possibilities. The filter argument is passed through the utils.fileDescription() function to create the actual filter set. If multiple filters are included, the user can switch between them in the dialog.
exist (bool) – If True, the filename must exist. The default (False) will allow a new file to be created or an existing to be used.
multi (bool) – If True, allows the user to pick multiple file names in a single operation.
compr (bool) – If True, the specified filter pattern will be extended with the corresponding compressed file types. For example, a filter for ‘.pgf’ files will also allow to pick ‘.pgf.gz’ or ‘.pgf.bz2’ files.
change (bool) – If True (default), the current working directory will be changed to the parent directory of the selection.
caption (str) – A string to be displayed as the dialog title instead of the default one.
timeout (float) – If provided, the dialog will timeout after the specified number of seconds.
sidebar (list of path_like.) – If provided, these will be added to the sidebar (in addition to the configured paths).
kargs (keyword arguments) – More arguments to be passed to the FileDialog.

Returns:

Path | list of Paths | None – The selected file Path(s) if the user accepted the dialog, or None if the user canceled the dialog.

gui.draw.askNewFilename(cur=None, filter='All files (*.*)', compr=False, timeout=None, caption=None, sidebar=None, **kargs)[source]¶

Ask a single new filename.

This is a convenience function for calling askFilename with the argument exist=False.

gui.draw.askDirname(path=None, change=True, byfile=False, caption=None)[source]¶

Interactively select a directory and change the current workdir.

The user is asked to select a directory through the standard file dialog. Initially, the dialog shows all the subdirectories in the specified path, or by default in the current working directory.

The selected directory becomes the new working directory, unless the user canceled the operation, or the change parameter was set to False.

gui.draw.checkWorkdir()[source]¶

Ask the user to change the current workdir if it is not writable.

Returns True if the current workdir is writable.

gui.draw.printMessage(s, **kargs)[source]¶

Print a message on the message board.

Parameters:

s: string to print
kargs: more keyword arguments are passed to meth:MessageBpard.write.

This function forces an update of the GUI, so that the output message is guaranteed to be visible. If a logfile was opened, the message is also written to the log file.

gui.draw.delay(s=None)[source]¶

Get/Set the draw delay time.

Returns the current setting of the draw wait time (in seconds). This drawing delay is obeyed by drawing and viewing operations.

A parameter may be given to set the delay time to a new value. It should be convertable to a float. The function still returns the old setting. This may be practical to save that value to restore it later.

gui.draw.wait(relock=True)[source]¶

Wait until the drawing lock is released.

This uses the drawing lock mechanism to pause. The drawing lock ensures that subsequent draws are retarded to give the user the time to view. The use of this function is prefered over that of pause() or sleep(), because it allows your script to continue the numerical computations while waiting to draw the next screen.

This function can be used to retard other functions than draw and view.

gui.draw.play(refresh=False)[source]¶: Start the current script or if already running, continue it.

gui.draw.replay()[source]¶

Replay the current app.

This works pretty much like the play() function, but will reload the current application prior to running it. This function is especially interesting during development of an application. If the current application is a script, then it is equivalent with play().

gui.draw.fforward()[source]¶

Releases the drawing lock mechanism indefinely.

Releasing the drawing lock indefinely means that the lock will not be set again and your script will execute till the end.

gui.draw.pause(timeout=None, msg=None)[source]¶

Pause the execution until an external event occurs or timeout.

When the pause statement is executed, execution of the pyformex script is suspended until some external event forces it to proceed again. Clicking the PLAY, STEP or CONTINUE button will produce such an event.

timeout: float: if specified, the pause will only last for this many seconds. It can still be interrupted by the STEP buttons.
msg: string: a message to write to the board to explain the user about the pause

gui.draw.sleep(duration, granularity=0.01)[source]¶

Hold execution for some duration

This holds the execution of the thread where the function is called for the specified time (in seconds).

gui.draw.do_after(sec, func)[source]¶

Call a function in another thread after a specified elapsed time.

Parameters:	sec (float) – Time in seconds to wait before starting the execution. As the function will be executed in a separate thread, the calling thread will immediately continue. func (callable) – The function (or bound method) to be called.

gui.draw.zoomRectangle()[source]¶: Zoom a rectangle selected by the user.

gui.draw.getRectangle()[source]¶: Zoom a rectangle selected by the user.

gui.draw.zoomBbox(bb)[source]¶: Zoom thus that the specified bbox becomes visible.

gui.draw.zoomObj(object)[source]¶

Zoom thus that the specified object becomes visible.

object can be anything having a bbox() method or a list thereof.

gui.draw.zoomAll()[source]¶: Zoom thus that all actors become visible.

gui.draw.zoom(f)[source]¶

Zoom with a factor f

A factor > 1.0 zooms out, a factor < 1.0 zooms in.

gui.draw.focus(point)[source]¶

Move the camera focus to the specified point.

Parameters:

point: float(3,) or alike

The camera focus is set to the specified point, while keeping a parallel camera direction and same zoom factor. The specified point becomes the center of the screen and the center of camera rotations.

gui.draw.flyAlong(path, upvector=[0.0, 1.0, 0.0], sleeptime=None)[source]¶

Fly through the current scene along the specified path.

path: a plex-2 or plex-3 Formex (or convertibel to such Formex) specifying the paths of camera eye and center (and upvector).
upvector: the direction of the vertical axis of the camera, in case of a 2-plex camera path.
sleeptime: a delay between subsequent images, to slow down the camera movement.

This function moves the camera through the subsequent elements of the Formex. For each element the first point is used as the center of the camera and the second point as the eye (the center of the scene looked at). For a 3-plex Formex, the third point is used to define the upvector (i.e. the vertical axis of the image) of the camera. For a 2-plex Formex, the upvector is constant as specified in the arguments.

gui.draw.viewport(n=None)[source]¶

Select the current viewport.

n is an integer number in the range of the number of viewports, or is one of the viewport objects in pyformex.GUI.viewports

if n is None, selects the current GUI viewport for drawing

gui.draw.nViewports()[source]¶: Return the number of viewports.

gui.draw.layout(nvps=None, ncols=None, nrows=None, pos=None, rstretch=None, cstretch=None)[source]¶: Set the viewports layout.

gui.draw.addViewport()[source]¶: Add a new viewport.

gui.draw.removeViewport()[source]¶: Remove the last viewport.

gui.draw.linkViewport(vp, tovp)[source]¶

Link viewport vp to viewport tovp.

Both vp and tovp should be numbers of viewports.

gui.draw.updateGUI()[source]¶: Update the GUI.

gui.draw.highlightActor(actor)[source]¶: Highlight an actor in the scene.

gui.draw.removeHighlight()[source]¶: Remove the highlights from the current viewport

gui.draw.pick(mode='actor', filter=None, oneshot=False, func=None, pickable=None, prompt=None, _rect=None)[source]¶

Enter interactive picking mode and return selection.

See canvas.Canvas.pick() for more details. This function differs in that it provides default highlighting during the picking operation and OK/Cancel buttons to stop the picking operation.

Parameters:

mode (str) – Defines what to pick : one of ‘actor’, ‘element’, ‘face’, ‘edge’, ‘point’ or ‘prop’. ‘actor’ picks complete actors. ‘element’ picks elements from one or more actor(s). ‘face’ and ‘edge’ pick faces, resp. edges of elements (only available for Mesh objects). ‘point’ picks points of Formices or nodes of Meshes. ‘prop’ is like ‘element’, but returns the property numbers of the picked elements instead of the element numbers.
filter (str) – The picking filter that is activated on entering the pick mode. It should be one of the Canvas.selection_filters: ‘none’, ‘single’, ‘closest’, ‘connected’, ‘closest-connected’ The active filter can be changed from a combobox in the statusbar.
oneshot (bool.) – If True, the function returns as soon as the user ends a picking operation. The default is to let the user modify his selection and to return only after an explicit cancel (ESC or right mouse button).
func (callable, optional) – If specified, this function will be called after each atomic pick operation. The Collection with the currently selected objects is passed as an argument. This can e.g. be used to highlight the selected objects during picking.
pickable (list of Actors, optional) – List of Actors from which can be picked. The default is to use a list with all Actors having the pickable=True attribute (which is the default for newly constructed Actors).
prompt (str) – The text printed to prompt the user to start picking. If None, a default prompt is printed. Specify an empty string to avoid printing a prompt.

Returns:

Collection – A (possibly empty) Collection with the picked items. After return, the value of the pf.canvas.selection_accepted variable can be tested to find how the picking operation was exited: True means accepted (right mouse click, ENTER key, or OK button), False means canceled (ESC key, or Cancel button). In the latter case, the returned Collection is always empty.

gui.draw.pickProps(filter=None, oneshot=False, func=None, pickable=None, prompt=None)[source]¶

Pick property numbers

This is like pick(‘element’), but returns the (unique) property numbers of the picked elements of the actors instead.

gui.draw.pickNumbers(marks=None)[source]¶: Pick drawn numbers

gui.draw.pickFocus()[source]¶

Enter interactive focus setting.

This enters interactive point picking mode and sets the focus to the center of the picked points.

gui.draw.set_edit_mode(s)[source]¶: Set the drawing edit mode.

gui.draw.drawLinesInter(mode='line', single=False, func=None)[source]¶

Enter interactive drawing mode and return the line drawing.

See viewport.py for more details. This function differs in that it provides default displaying during the drawing operation and a button to stop the drawing operation.

The drawing can be edited using the methods ‘undo’, ‘clear’ and ‘close’, which are presented in a combobox.

gui.draw.showLineDrawing(L)[source]¶

Show a line drawing.

L is usually the return value of an interactive draw operation, but might also be set by the user.

gui.draw.exportWebGL(fn, createdby=50, **kargs)[source]¶

Export the current scene to WebGL.

Parameters:

fn : string: the (relative or absolute) filename of the .html, .js and .pgf files comprising the WebGL model. It can contain a directory path and an any extension. The latter is dropped and not used.
createdby: int: width in pixels of the ‘Created by pyFormex’ logo appearing on the page. If < 0, the logo is displayed at its natural width. If 0, the logo is suppressed.
**kargs: any other keyword parameteris passed to the WebGL initialization. The name can not be specified: it is derived from the fn parameter.

Returns the absolute pathname of the generated .html file.

gui.draw.multiWebGL(name=None, fn=None, title=None, description=None, keywords=None, author=None, createdby=50)[source]¶

Export the current scene to WebGL.

fn is the (relative or absolute) pathname of the .html and .js files to be created.

When the export is finished, returns the absolute pathname of the generated .html file. Else, returns None.

gui.draw.showURL(url)[source]¶

Show an URL in the browser

url: url to load

gui.draw.showHTML(fn=None)[source]¶

Show a local .html file in the browser

fn: name of a local .html file. If unspecified, a FileDialog dialog is popped up to select a file.

gui.draw.resetGUI()[source]¶

Reset the GUI to its default operating mode.

When an exception is raised during the execution of a script, the GUI may be left in a non-consistent state. This function may be called to reset most of the GUI components to their default operating mode.

gui.draw.flatten(objects, recurse=True)[source]¶

Flatten a list of objects.

Each item in the list should be either:

a drawable object,
a string with the name of such an object,
a list of any of these three.

This function will flatten the lists and replace the string items with the object they point to. The result is a single list of drawable objects. This function does not enforce the objects to be drawable. That should be done by the caller.

gui.draw.drawn_as(object)[source]¶

Check how an object can be drawn.

An object can be drawn (using draw()) if it has a method ‘actor’, ‘toFormex’ or ‘toMesh’. In the first case, it has a native Actor, else, it is first transformed to Formex or Mesh.

Parameters:	object (any object, though usually a `Geometry` instance) – An object to check for a drawing method.
Returns:	object (drawabable object or None) – If the object is drawable (directly or after conversion), returns a directly drawable object, else None.

gui.draw.drawable(objects)[source]¶

Filters the drawable objects from a list of objects.

Parameters:	objects (list or sequence of objects.) – The list of objects to filter for drawable objects.
Returns:	list of objects – The list of objects that can be drawn.

gui.draw.draw(F, clear=None, **kargs)[source]¶

Draw geometrical object(s) with specified drawing options and settings.

This is the generic drawing function in pyFormex. The function requires a single positional parameter specifying the geometry to be drawn. There are also a whole lot of optional keyword parameters, divided in two groups.

The first are the drawing options, which modify the way the draw function operates. If not specified, or a value None is specified, they are filled in from the current viewport drawing options, which can be changed using the setDrawOptions() function. The initial defaults are: clear=False, view=’last’, bbox=’auto’, shrink=False, shrinkfactor=0.8, wait=True, silent=True, single=False.

The second group are rendering attributes that define the way the geometrical objects should be rendered. These have default values in canvas.Canvas.settings, and can be overridden per object by the object’s attrib() settings. These options are listed below under Notes.

Parameters:

F (object or list of objects) – The object(s) to be drawn. It can be a single item or a (possibly nested) list of items. The list will be flattened. Strings are looked up in the pyFormex global project dictionary and replaced with their value. Nondrawable objects are filtered out from the list (see also option silent). The resulting list of drawable objects is processed with the same drawing options and default rendering atributes.
clear (bool, optional) – If True, the scene is cleared before drawing. The default is to add to the existing scene.
view (str) – Either the name of a defined view or ‘last’. This defines the orientation of the camera looking at the drawn objects. Predefined views are ‘front’, ‘back’, ‘top’, ‘bottom’, ‘left’, ‘right’, ‘iso’ and a whole list of other ones. * TODO: we should expand this * On creation of a viewport, the initial default view is ‘front’ (looking in the -z direction). With view=’last’, the camera angles will be set to the same camera angles as in the last draw operation, undoing any interactive changes. With view=None the camera settings remain unchanged (but still may be changed interactively through the user interface). This may make the drawn object out of view. See also bbox.
bbox (array_like or str) – Specifies the 3D volume at which the camera will be aimed (using the angles set by view). The camera position will be set thus that the volume comes in view using the current lens (default 45 degrees). bbox is a list of two points or compatible (array with shape (2,3)). Setting the bbox to a volume not enclosing the object may make the object invisible on the canvas. The special value bbox=’auto’ will use the bounding box of the objects getting drawn (object.bbox()), thus ensuring that the camera will focus on these objects. This is the default when creating a new viewport. A value bbox=None will use the bounding box of the previous drawing operation, thus ensuring that the camera’s target volume is unchanged.
shrink (bool) – If specified, each object will be transformed by the Coords.shrink() transformation (with the default or specified shrink_factor as a parameter), thus showing all the elements of the object separately (sometimes called an ‘exploded’ view).
shrink_factor (float) – Overrides the default shrink_factor for the current draw operation. If provided, it forces shrink=True.
wait (bool) – If True (initial default), the draw action activates a locking mechanism for the next draw action, which will only be allowed after drawdelay seconds have elapsed. This makes it easier to see subsequent renderings and is far more efficient than adding an explicit sleep() operation, because the script processing can continue up to the next drawing instruction. The value of drawdelay can be changed in the user settings or using the delay() function. Setting this value to 0 will disable the waiting mechanism for all subsequent draw statements (until set > 0 again). But often the user wants to specifically disable the waiting lock for some draw operation(s). This can be done without changing the drawdelay setting, by specifying wait=False. This means that the next draw operation does not have to wait.
silent (bool) – If True (initial default), non-drawable objects are silently ignored. If set False, an error is raised if F contains an object that is not drawable.
single (bool, optional) – If True, the return value will be a single Actor, corresponding with the first drawable object in the flattened list of F. The remainder of the drawable objects in F are then set as children of the main return value. The default is to return a single Actor if F is a single drawable object, or a list of Actors if F is a list.
kargs (keyword parameters) – The remaining keyword parameters are the default rendering attributes to be used for all the objects in F. They will apply unless overridden by attributes set in the object itself (see geometry.Geometry.attrib()). There is a long list of possible settings. The important ones are listed below (see Notes).

Returns:

Actor or list of Actors – If F is a single object or single==True was provided, returns a single Actor instance. If F is a list and single==True was not set, a list a Actors is returned.

Notes

This section is incomplete and needs an update *

Here is an (incomplete) list of rendering attributes that can be provided to the draw function and will be used as defaults for drawing the objects that do not have the needed values set as attributes on the object itself. While the list is long, in most cases only a few are used, and the remainder are taken from the canvas rendering defaults.

These arguments will be passed to the corresponding Actor for the object. The Actor is the graphical representation of the geometry. Not all Actors use all of the settings that can be specified here. But they all accept specifying any setting even if unused. The settings hereafter are thus a superset of the settings used by the different Actors. Settings have a default value per viewport, and if unspecified, most Actors will use the viewport default for that value.

color, colormap: specify the color of the object (see below)
alpha: float (0.0..1.0): alpha value to use in transparent mode. 0.0 means fully transparent (invisible), while 1.0 means opaque.
bkcolor, bkcolormap: color for the backside of surface type geometry, if it is to be different from the front side. Specifications are as for front color and colormap.
bkalpha: float (0.0..1.0): transparency alphe value for the back side.
linewidth: float, thickness of line drawing
linestipple: stipple pattern for line drawing
marksize: float: point size for dot drawing
nolight: bool: render object as unlighted in modes with lights on
ontop: bool: render object as if it is on top. This will make the object fully visible, even when it is hidden by other objects. If more than one objects is drawn with ontop=True the visibility of the object will depend on the order of drawing.

Specifying color: Color specification can take many different forms. Some Actors recognize up to six different color modes and the draw function adds even another mode (property color)

no color: color=None. The object will be drawn in the current viewport foreground color.
single color: the whole object is drawn with the specified color.
element color: each element of the object has its own color. The specified color will normally contain precisely nelems colors, but will be resized to the required size if not.
vertex color: each vertex of each element of the object has its color. In smooth shading modes intermediate points will get an interpolated color.
element index color: like element color, but the color values are not specified directly, but as indices in a color table (the colormap argument).
vertex index color: like vertex color, but the colors are indices in a color table (the colormap argument).
property color: as an extra mode in the draw function, if color=’prop’ is specified, and the object has an attribute ‘prop’, that attribute will be used as a color index and the object will be drawn in element index color mode. If the object has no such attribute, the object is drawn in no color mode.

Element and vertex color modes are usually only used with a single object in the F parameter, because they require a matching set of colors. Though the color set will be automatically resized if not matching, the result will seldomly be what the user expects. If single colors are specified as a tuple of three float values (see below), the correct size of a color array for an object with nelems elements of plexitude nplex would be: (nelems,3) in element color mode, and (nelems,nplex,3) in vertex color mode. In the index modes, color would then be an integer array with shape respectively (nelems,) and (nelems,nplex). Their values are indices in the colormap array, which could then have shape (ncolors,3), where ncolors would be larger than the highest used value in the index. If the colormap is insufficiently large, it will again be wrapped around. If no colormap is specified, the current viewport colormap is used. The default contains eight colors: black=0, red=1, green=2, blue=3, cyan=4, magenta=5, yellow=6, white=7.

A color value can be specified in multiple ways, but should be convertible to a normalized OpenGL color using the colors.GLcolor() function. The normalized color value is a tuple of three values in the range 0.0..1.0. The values are the contributions of the red, green and blue components.

gui.draw.setDrawOptions(kargs0={}, **kargs)[source]¶

Set default values for the draw options.

Draw options are a set of options that hold default values for the draw() function arguments and for some canvas settings. The draw options can be specified either as a dictionary, or as keyword arguments.

gui.draw.reset()[source]¶: reset the canvas

gui.draw.setShrink(shrink=None, factor=None)[source]¶

Set shrink mode on or off, and optionally the shrink factor.

In shrink mode, all elements are drawn shrinked around their centroid. This results in an exploded view showing individual elements and permitting look through the inter-element gaps to what is behind.

Parameters:	shrink (float \| bool \| None) – If a float, switches shrink mode on and sets the shrink factor to the provided value. If True, switches on shrink mode with the current shrink factor (pf.canvas.drawoptions[‘shrink_factor’]). If False, switches off shrink mode. factor (float, optional, deprecated) – If provided, sets the default shrink factor to this value.

Notes

Useful values for the shrink factor are in the range 0.0 to 1.0. The initial value is 0.8. The current shrink status and factor are stored in pf.canvas.drawoptions.

gui.draw.drawVectors(P, v, size=None, nolight=True, **drawOptions)[source]¶

Draw a set of vectors.

If size is None, draws the vectors v at the points P. If size is specified, draws the vectors size*normalize(v) P, v and size are single points or sets of points. If sets, they should be of the same size.

Other drawoptions can be specified and will be passed to the draw function.

gui.draw.drawMarks(X, M, color='black', prefix='', ontop=True, **kargs)[source]¶

Draw a list of marks at points X.

Parameters:

X: Coords.
M: list of length X.ncoords(). The string representation of the items in the list are drawn at the corresponding 3D coordinate of X.
prefix: string. If specified, it is prepended to all drawn strings.
ontop: bool. If True, the marks are drawn on top, meaning they will all be visible, even those drawn at points hidden by the geometry. If False, hidden marks can be hidden by the drawn geometry.

Other parameters can be passed to the actors.TextArray class.

gui.draw.drawFreeEdges(M, color='black')[source]¶: Draw the feature edges of a Mesh

gui.draw.drawNumbers(G, numbers=None, color='black', trl=None, offset=0, prefix='', ontop=None, **kargs)[source]¶

Draw numbers on all elements of a Geometry G.

Parameters:

G: Geometry like (Coords, Formex, Mesh)
numbers: int array of length F.nelems(). If not specified, the range from 0 to F.nelems()-1 is used.
color: color to be used in drawing the numbers.
trl: If unspecified, the numbers are drawn at the centroids of the elements. A translation (x,y,z) may be given to put the numbers out of the centroids, e.g. to put them in front of the objects to make them visible, or to allow to view a mark at the centroids.
offset: int. If specified, this value is added to the numbers. This is an easy ways to compare the drawing with systems using base 1 numbering.
prefix: string. If specified, it is added before every drawn number.

Other parameters are passed to the drawMarks() function.

gui.draw.drawPropNumbers(F, **kargs)[source]¶

Draw property numbers on all elements of F.

This calls drawNumbers to draw the property numbers on the elements. All arguments of drawNumbers except numbers may be passed. If the object F thus not have property numbers, -1 values are drawn.

gui.draw.drawVertexNumbers(F, color='black', trl=None, ontop=False)[source]¶

Draw (local) numbers on all vertices of F.

Normally, the numbers are drawn at the location of the vertices. A translation may be given to put the numbers out of the location, e.g. to put them in front of the objects to make them visible, or to allow to view a mark at the vertices.

gui.draw.drawBbox(F, color='black', **kargs)[source]¶

Draw the bounding box of the geometric object F.

F is any object that has a bbox method. Returns the drawn Annotation.

gui.draw.drawText(text, pos, **kargs)[source]¶

Show a text at position pos.

Draws a text at a given position. The position can be either a 2D canvas position, specified in pixel coordinates (int), or a 3D position, specified in global world coordinates (float). In the latter case the text will be displayed on the canvas at the projected world point, and will move with that projection, while keeping the text unscaled and oriented to the viewer. The 3D mode is especially useful to annotate parts of the geometry with a label.

Parameters:

text: string to be displayed.
pos: (2,) int or (3,) float: canvas or world position.
any other parameters are passed to opengl.textext.Text.

gui.draw.drawText3D(text, pos, **kargs)¶

Show a text at position pos.

Draws a text at a given position. The position can be either a 2D canvas position, specified in pixel coordinates (int), or a 3D position, specified in global world coordinates (float). In the latter case the text will be displayed on the canvas at the projected world point, and will move with that projection, while keeping the text unscaled and oriented to the viewer. The 3D mode is especially useful to annotate parts of the geometry with a label.

Parameters:

text: string to be displayed.
pos: (2,) int or (3,) float: canvas or world position.
any other parameters are passed to opengl.textext.Text.

gui.draw.drawViewportAxes3D(pos, color=None)[source]¶: Draw two viewport axes at a 3D position.

gui.draw.drawAxes(cs=None, **kargs)[source]¶

Draw the axes of a coordinate system.

Parameters:

cs: a coordsys.CoordSys If not specified, the global coordinate system is used.

Other arguments can be added just like in the candy.Axes class.

By default this draws the positive parts of the axes in the colors R,G,B and the negative parts in C,M,Y.

gui.draw.drawPrincipal(F, weight=None, **kargs)[source]¶

Draw the principal axes of the geometric object F.

F is Coords or Geometry. If weight is specified, it is an array of weights attributed to the points of F. It should have the same length as F.coords. Other parameter are drawing attributes passed to drawAxes().

gui.draw.drawImage3D(image, nx=0, ny=0, pixel='dot')[source]¶

Draw an image as a colored Formex

Draws a raster image as a colored Formex. While there are other and better ways to display an image in pyFormex (such as using the imageView widget), this function allows for interactive handling the image using the OpenGL infrastructure.

Parameters:

image: a QImage or any data that can be converted to a QImage, e.g. the name of a raster image file.
nx,`ny`: width and height (in cells) of the Formex grid. If the supplied image has a different size, it will be rescaled. Values <= 0 will be replaced with the corresponding actual size of the image.
pixel: the Formex representing a single pixel. It should be either a single element Formex, or one of the strings ‘dot’ or ‘quad’. If ‘dot’ a single point will be used, if ‘quad’ a unit square. The difference will be important when zooming in. The default is ‘dot’.

Returns the drawn Actor.

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5. `gui.draw` — Create 3D graphical representations.¶

5.1. Functions defined in module gui.draw¶

5. gui.draw — Create 3D graphical representations.¶

5.1. Functions defined in module gui.draw¶

5. `gui.draw` — Create 3D graphical representations.¶